Supplementary files for: Petrology of the Skaergaard Layered Series

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Supplementary files for: Petrology of the Skaergaard Layered Series
Thy, Peter; Tegner, Christian; Lesher, Charles E., 2023, "Supplementary files for: Petrology of the Skaergaard Layered Series", https://doi.org/10.22008/FK2/UTFJP4, GEUS Dataverse, V2
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Description
The Skaergaard intrusion is a layered, ferrobasaltic intrusion emplaced during the Early Eocene into the rifting volcanic margin of East Greenland. The magma chamber crystallised in response to cooling from the roof and margins upwards and inward, forming upper, marginal and bottom series, the latter referred to as the Layered Series. The phase layering in the bottom series suggests an evolved, olivine-normative tholeiitic melt saturated in plagioclase and olivine, followed by augite, and then simultaneously by ilmenite and magnetite forming primocrysts. Pigeonite appears in the lower parts and continues until the centre of the series. Apatite appears in the upper part concurrently with liquid immiscibility. Cryptic variations of the individual primocrysts record a systematic upward increase in iron and decrease in magnesium for the mafic minerals and a systematic increase in sodium and decrease in calcium for plagioclase. The appearance of pigeonite is caused by reactions and crystallisation in the trapped melt and by subsolidus adjustments without this phase reaching liquidus saturation. The high mode of olivine at the base of the upper part with the appearance of apatite is interpreted to mark the onset of liquid immiscibility. This may have led to the separation of conjugate melts with granophyre migrating upward and the basic component largely staying stationary or sinking. Petrologic and geochemical observations indicate differentiation in the lower part of the intrusion, principally controlled by crystal fractionation with the efficiency of fractionation controlled by the evolution and escape of liquid from the solidifying mush. During the final stages of solidification, the onset of liquid immiscibility and termination of melt convection impeded differentiation. Modelling by perfect Rayleigh fractionation shows that major and included trace elements conform reasonably to observations, while excluded elements deviate from model predictions. This decoupling is caused by the mobility of a granophyre component formed in the trapped melt and in the main residual magma chamber. Consequently, the sampled gabbros may not be representative of the final solid-melt mush. By restoring the gabbros to their original mush compositions, it is possible to constrain granophyre migration pathways. We suggest that the granophyre formed in the trapped melt in the lower part of the intrusion mostly migrated laterally through pressure release pathways to form lenses and pockets with only limited upward migration into the main magma reservoir. Near the end stage of differentiation, the residual magma exsolved and formed complex mixtures of ferrobasaltic and granophyric melts. Estimates predict that a substantial amount of the granophyric melt penetrated as sills into the downward crystallising, upper part of the body as well as into the host rocks. The redistribution of granophyric melts within the solidifying crystal mush complicates predictions of trapped-melt content and mass-balance calculations but helps to explain apparent decoupling of included and excluded trace elements, especially towards the end stages of evolution. Final crystallisation was controlled mostly by in situ crystallisation leaving complex mixtures of ferrodiorite and granophyre components.
Subject Earth and Environmental Sciences
Related Publication Thy et al. 2023: Petrology of the Skaergaard Layered Series. GEUS Bulletin 56. doi: 10.34194/geusb.v56.8327
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Files S1, S2, S3, S4, S8 and S9 are published here under a standard CC-BY 4.0 licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) permitting free redistribution and reproduction for any purpose, even commercial, provided proper citation of the original work. Copyright: the Author(s) of the associated paper, Peter Thy, Christian Tegner and Charles E Lesher. The maps displayed in Files S5, S6 and S7 have custom terms of use and various copyright holders. Further re-use of the maps displayed in these files requires permission from the sources (copyright holders) listed in those files.
The maps displayed in Files S5, S6 and S7 have custom terms of use and various copyright holders. Further re-use of the maps displayed in these files requires permission from the sources (copyright holders) listed in those files.
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The authors have permission to publish the following files here as part of supplementary material to their monograph. Permission to further re-use the original files should be sort from the copyright holders as provided here and in Files S5, S6, S7 and S8:

File S5-1: The rights to the 1930-1953 Wager sample locality map belong to the Oxford University Museum of Natural History. The map is part of their Lawrence Rickard Wager Collection (M.113). Used here with permission from Oxford University Museum of Natural History.

File S5-2: The McBirney Skaergaard sample locality map is shown with permission from the A.R. McBirney estate and family. The original map is now at the American Museum of Natural History in New York as part of their A.R. McBirney Skaergaard sample collection.

File S6-1: The Wager and Deer geological map is here shown by permission of the Wager family. The map was originally published in the series Meddelelser om Grønland in 1939 (Volume 105, Number 4) and reprinted in 1962. The Museum Tusculanum Press, University of Copenhagen released in 2010 a facsimile edition of Wager and Deer’s original monograph (the 1962 reprint edition) that contained a size reduced and grey scale copy of the original geological map.

File S6-2: The rights to the 1961 W.A. Deer map of the Skaergaard intrusion belong to the Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge. It is part of their W.A. Deer Archives (DEER DDF Archive 219c). Available here with their permission.

File S6-3: The 1967 Geological Map of the Skaergaard Intrusion was included as Plate XI (facing page 244) in Layered Igneous Rocks published in 1967 by W.H. Freeman and Company in San Francisco. The same book and map, also authored by L.R. Wager and G.M. Brown, was in 1968 published by Oliver & Boyd of Edinburgh. Both publishers have today ceased to operate and their titles were taken over, respectively, by McMillian Education and Longman-Pearson. However, the copyright to the text of the book and the geological map is retained the authors and their descendants. The geological map is here shown by permission of the Wager family.

File S6-4: The McBirney Skaergaard map (1989 edition) is shown with permission from the A.R. McBirney estate and family.

File S7-1: GI 1937 topographic map (1:250 000). The original file and map metadata is available from “Historiske Kort” at https://historiskekort.dk provided by the Agency for Data Supply and Infrastructure (SDFI) in Denmark. A summary of this map is included in this set of Supplementary Files under a CC-BY-4.0 license according to the guidelines for free geographical data at https://historiskekort.dk (and https://sdfi.dk/om-os/vilkaar-og-priser in Danish only). The responsible agency for permission for further re-use of this material is SDFI. Map ID from Historiske Kort: Kangerdlugssuaq G250_68_o3_1937.jpg 1937

File S7-2: GI 1969 topographic map (1:250 000) This map is published online at “Historiske Kort” at https://historiskekort.dk provided by the Agency for Data Supply and Infrastructure (SDFI) in Denmark. A link to this map is included in this set of Supplementary Files under a CC-BY-4.0 license according to the guidelines for free geographical data at https://historiskekort.dk (and https://sdfi.dk/om-os/vilkaar-og-priser in Danish only). The responsible agency for access and permission for further re-use of this material is SDFI. Map ID: Kangerdlugssuaq G250_68_o3_1969.jpg 1969

File S7-3: GI 1975 Skaergaard Topographic Map (1:20 000). Map file is published online at The Greenland Mineral Resources Portal and available to download here: https://data.geus.dk/greenlanddb/ViewMap.xhtml?mapMapId=2023

File S7-4: GI 1982 topographic map (1:250 000). A version of this map (1.1.1) is published online at “Historiske Kort” at https://historiskekort.dk provided by the Agency for Data Supply and Infrastructure (SDFI) in Denmark. A link to this map is included in this set of Supplementary Files under a CC-BY-4.0 license according to the guidelines for free geographical data at https://historiskekort.dk (and https://sdfi.dk/om-os/vilkaar-og-priser in Danish only). The responsible agency for access and permission for further re-use of this material is SDFI. Map ID: Kangerdlugssuaq G250_68_o3_111.jpg 1982

Files S8: A collection of 66 aerial photographs available with the authors. Copyright is held by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland.
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